banning the use of stop-watches in the civil service. Hatred against the stop watch built up to such a pitch that by 1912 laws were passed in the U.S. The symbol of Taylor s management methods was the stop-watch, ever-present as supervisors conducted "Time and Motion Studies", timing every hand-movement, every step, every breath a worker made. This was the beginning of the stratification of the working class into more and more layers of supervisory, administrative and technical workers, enjoying privileges over and above the "blue-collar" trades they supervised. In order to achieve the maximum productivity, Taylor proposed that instead of reducing the number of "unproductive" workers to a minimum, about 25% of all employees should be dedicated to supervising, monitoring, measuring and accounting. He held that workers could be forced to put the maximum effort into work by a combination of motivating them with higher wages, financed on the basis of higher productivity, and most significantly, by closely monitoring the worker s every movement so that it was impossible to go slow without detection. According to Taylor, industrial productivity was lower than it ought to be due to two factors: deliberate malingering by workers and unscientific design of work practices by management. Taylor grabbed public attention in the 1880s when he reduced the number of workers shoveling coal at the Bethlehem Steel Works from 500 to 140 without loss of production. engineer and management consultant, originator of the concept of "scientific management" to increase worker output. Provide everything at the lowest possible costĥ Product Improvements With Computer Technology Computer-Aided Design - CAD Computer-Aided Manufacturing - CAM Computer-Integrated Manufacturing - CIMĦ Production Techniques Flexible Manufacturing Lean Manufacturing Mass Customizationħ Historic Milestones, Concepts & TerminologyĨ Scientific Management Frederick Winslow Taylor ( ) The Principles of Scientific Management (1911) U.S. Build and deliver products in response to the demands of the customer at a scheduled delivery time 2. Until the mid 1980s, all CAD systems were specially constructed computers.Ĥ Three Requirements for Production 1.
A CAD system is a combination of hardware and software that enables engineers and architects to design products. CAD/CAM software uses CAD drawing tools to describe geometries used by the CAM module of the program to define a toolpath that will direct the motion of a machine tool to produce the exact shape that was drawn.
The term CAD/CAM is a shortening of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM). CAD/CAM is a common method of manufacturing used by many corporations. CAD/CAM can improve productivity, product quality, and profitability. Therefore, they are provided exclusively for students attending the course to study the course material.Ģ Contents Historic Milestones, Concepts & Terminology Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) Computer-Aided Design & Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) PLM/PDM Rapid Prototyping, Concurrent Engineering & Reverse Engineering CATIAģ Introduction It has long been the dream of the industrial system engineers to integrate the operating units in order to be able to produce products at minimum cost and at maximum overall profit. These slides were generated as course documentation only. 1 Slovak University of Technology Faculty of Material Science and Technology in Trnava CAD/CAM Systems Course Slides Note: The screens dumps of pictures (screenshots) are copyright of the respective authors and are taken from the cited publications in the textbook.